Historical Overview
Beijing is the capital of the People's Republic of China's political, cultural, and domestic and international exchange center, is the world's historical and cultural cities and ancient capitals. As early as 700,000 years ago, Beijing Zhoukoudian area appeared in primitive communities, "Peking Man." Beijing first found in records of the name "thistle." BC in 1045 as thistle, Yan vassal state of the capital. From the Qin Shi Huang unified China in 221 BC to AD 937 years, Beijing has been China's north of the capital city and local government. AD 938, the rule to Beijing in northern China's Liaoning (Yanjing, said) as the provisional capital; later, Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing for all generations as the capital, after over 650 years. October 1, 1949 founding of the PRC, the new Chinese capital of Beijing.
Second, the natural environment
Beijing is located at latitude 39 ° 56 ', longitude 116 ° 20'; northwest near to Shanxi, Inner Mongolia plateau, connecting South and North China Plain, the East near the Bohai Sea; downtown elevation 43.71 m; total area of 16,808 square kilometers, the urban an area of 1040 square km. West, North, East, surrounded by mountains, major rivers are the Yongding River, Chaobai, North Canal and so on. Beijing is a warm temperate semi-humid climate with four distinct seasons, short spring, summer and winter long. The annual average temperature of 13 ° C, the coldest in January, the average temperature of -3.7 ° C, the hottest July, the average temperature of 25.2 ° C, average annual rainfall of 507.7 mm. Frost-free period 189 days.
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